The UN Partition Plan was proposed by the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine and approved by a majority vote in the UN General Assembly on November 29th, 1947. The plan proposed partitioning the land west of the Jordan River into three regions: a democratic Arab state, a democratic Jewish state, and international control over 1% of the territory which included Jerusalem and Bethlehem. The Partition Plan was accepted by the Jewish Yishuv leadership and rejected by Arab leadership.

The Six-Day War led to the occupation of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Israeli forces, which continues until this day. The Gaza Strip, then under Egyptian control, was also conquered and remained under Israeli control until the disengagement plan in 2005. In the aftermath of the war, Jewish settlements were built in the occupied territories. Jewish settlers retained their status and rights as Israeli citizens, while Palestinians in the territories came under Israeli military administration.

“Two States for Two Peoples” – in the year 1972, Aryeh “Lova” Eliav, general secretary of the Labour party, published his book “Land of the Hart,” in which the phrase “two states for two peoples” was coined for the first time. In the book, which traces the history of the conflict over the land from the 19th century until 1967, Eliav presented a vision of two states living side by side in peace, and working together in economic, trade, cultural, and scientific fields.

Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin’s autonomy plan proposed administrative autonomy to the Palestinian residents of the West Bank and Gaza. The plan, which was formulated against the backdrop of peace talks between Israel and Egypt, was intended to allow for the establishment of an independent Palestinian entity that was less than a state, without Israeli interference. In reality, the Israeli government had decided not to advance the plan, and it became irrelevant with the passing of the Jerusalem Basic Law in 1980 which prevented transfer of authority over the city, including territories conquered in 1967, to any actor besides Israel.

The Oslo Accords were signed between 1993 and 1995 between Israel and the PLO by Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat. The Accords included mutual recognition, the establishment of the Palestinian Authority and agreement to open negotiations over a final-status agreement in 1999. During the period of the Netanyahu government between 1996-1999, the Hebron Protocol and Wye River Memorandum were signed as part of the Oslo Accords, but negotiations for a peace agreement were not launched.

The Taba Summit – a meeting of the two parties’ negotiating teams, during which talks achieved greater progress, including on the refugee issue, but given the upcoming elections in Israel, the two leaders Barak and Arafat were not present and talks did not continue following Barak’s loss in the elections.

The Road Map for Peace presented by US President George Bush was based on the two-state solution, mutual recognition of the two peoples for a state, settlement building freeze, and the end of the occupation that had begun in 1967. The Palestinian Authority accepted the proposal, while the Israeli government presented 14 reservations to it.

The Disengagement Plan, which Prime Minister Ariel Sharon implemented in 2005, consisted of the evacuation of residents of all Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip and withdrawal of the Israeli Defense Forces to the Green Line border in the region. At the same time, four isolated settlements were evacuated in the West Bank.

The Bar Ilan Speech was given by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in 2009 in the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies in Bar Ilan. In the speech, which details Netanyahu’s policy vision for the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, he expressed support in principle for the first time for the establishment of a Palestinian state next to the State of Israel, on the condition that it would be demilitarized and that the Palestinians would recognize Israel as the state of the Jewish people.

The Trump Plan, also known as “The Deal of the Century,” was a proposal for solving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. Alongside an emphasis on economic issues, the plan is mainly the realization of a two-state solution, Israel and Palestine, through the marked adoption of the Israeli narrative, which gives top priority to Israeli positions on issues of security, Jerusalem, settlements, and refugees. While the Israeli Prime Minister announced willingness to hold negotiations on the basis of the initiative, the Palestinians refused, stating that in principles of the plan contradicted international law and previous agreements. The plan, and the clause of unilateral annexation of settlements by Israel, was dropped with the establishment of a normalization agreement between Israel and the United Arab Emirates, and President Trump’s electoral loss in the United States.